In the ancient four civilizations, Chinese mathematical science had the longest booming period spanning from sometime around the Christian era to the 14th century AD. Ancient Chinese mathematics witnessed three golden ages in different dynasties—the Western and Eastern Han Dynasties, the Wei, Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The development of mathematics reached its pinnacle during the Song and Yuan Dynasties.

Unlike ancient Greek mathematicians who focused on proving theorems, mathematicians of ancient China were dedicated to creating calculating methods, especially those for solving equations. They created a series of advanced calculating methods (called "shu" or "art" by ancient Chinese mathematicians) for systems of linear equations, polynomial equations of higher degree and indeterminate equations. They used these methods to solve corresponding algebraic equations, tackling various scientific and actual issues involving such equations. What's worth mentioning is that they also applied these methods to geometric problems, solving them in a formulaic way.   

In ancient China, there were lots of outstanding mathematicians having made contribution to the scientific devolvement of the whole world.